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      Model-based Analysis of ChIP-Seq (MACS)

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          Abstract

          MACS performs model-based analysis of ChIP-Seq data generated by short read sequencers.

          Abstract

          We present Model-based Analysis of ChIP-Seq data, MACS, which analyzes data generated by short read sequencers such as Solexa's Genome Analyzer. MACS empirically models the shift size of ChIP-Seq tags, and uses it to improve the spatial resolution of predicted binding sites. MACS also uses a dynamic Poisson distribution to effectively capture local biases in the genome, allowing for more robust predictions. MACS compares favorably to existing ChIP-Seq peak-finding algorithms, and is freely available.

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          Global variation in copy number in the human genome.

          Richard Redon, Shumpei Ishikawa, Karen R Fitch … (2006)
          Copy number variation (CNV) of DNA sequences is functionally significant but has yet to be fully ascertained. We have constructed a first-generation CNV map of the human genome through the study of 270 individuals from four populations with ancestry in Europe, Africa or Asia (the HapMap collection). DNA from these individuals was screened for CNV using two complementary technologies: single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping arrays, and clone-based comparative genomic hybridization. A total of 1,447 copy number variable regions (CNVRs), which can encompass overlapping or adjacent gains or losses, covering 360 megabases (12% of the genome) were identified in these populations. These CNVRs contained hundreds of genes, disease loci, functional elements and segmental duplications. Notably, the CNVRs encompassed more nucleotide content per genome than SNPs, underscoring the importance of CNV in genetic diversity and evolution. The data obtained delineate linkage disequilibrium patterns for many CNVs, and reveal marked variation in copy number among populations. We also demonstrate the utility of this resource for genetic disease studies.
          Article 0 comments Cited 1209 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            High-resolution profiling of histone methylations in the human genome.

            Artem Barski, Suresh Cuddapah, Kairong Cui … (2007)
            Histone modifications are implicated in influencing gene expression. We have generated high-resolution maps for the genome-wide distribution of 20 histone lysine and arginine methylations as well as histone variant H2A.Z, RNA polymerase II, and the insulator binding protein CTCF across the human genome using the Solexa 1G sequencing technology. Typical patterns of histone methylations exhibited at promoters, insulators, enhancers, and transcribed regions are identified. The monomethylations of H3K27, H3K9, H4K20, H3K79, and H2BK5 are all linked to gene activation, whereas trimethylations of H3K27, H3K9, and H3K79 are linked to repression. H2A.Z associates with functional regulatory elements, and CTCF marks boundaries of histone methylation domains. Chromosome banding patterns are correlated with unique patterns of histone modifications. Chromosome breakpoints detected in T cell cancers frequently reside in chromatin regions associated with H3K4 methylations. Our data provide new insights into the function of histone methylation and chromatin organization in genome function.
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              Genome-wide analysis of estrogen receptor binding sites.

              Jason Carroll, Clifford Meyer, Jun. Song … (2006)
              The estrogen receptor is the master transcriptional regulator of breast cancer phenotype and the archetype of a molecular therapeutic target. We mapped all estrogen receptor and RNA polymerase II binding sites on a genome-wide scale, identifying the authentic cis binding sites and target genes, in breast cancer cells. Combining this unique resource with gene expression data demonstrates distinct temporal mechanisms of estrogen-mediated gene regulation, particularly in the case of estrogen-suppressed genes. Furthermore, this resource has allowed the identification of cis-regulatory sites in previously unexplored regions of the genome and the cooperating transcription factors underlying estrogen signaling in breast cancer.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Genome Biol
                Title: Genome Biology
                Publisher: BioMed Central
                ISSN (Print): 1465-6906
                ISSN (Electronic): 1465-6914
                Publication date (Print): 2008
                Publication date (Electronic): 17 September 2008
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 9
                Page: R137
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
                [2 ]Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
                [3 ]Gene Security Network, Inc., 2686 Middlefield Road, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
                [4 ]Molecular Pathology Unit and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
                [5 ]Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
                [6 ]Department of Genetics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
                [7 ]Division of Biostatistics, Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
                Article
                Publisher ID: gb-2008-9-9-r137
                DOI: 10.1186/gb-2008-9-9-r137
                PMC ID: 2592715
                PubMed ID: 18798982
                SO-VID: 2f365ba8-00f5-455b-aa81-71d1ac44c5c0
                Copyright © Copyright ©2008 Zhang et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 4 August 2008
                Date revision received : 3 September 2008
                Date accepted : 17 September 2008
                Categories
                Subject: Method

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Genetics
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Genetics

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