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      Prevalence of anterior dental trauma and its associated factors among children aged 3-5 years in Jaipur City, India – A cross sectional study

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          Abstract

          Objective:

          To study the prevalence of anterior dental trauma and its associated factors among 800 preschool children aged 3 to 5 years in Jaipur City, Rajasthan, India.

          Materials and Methods:

          A cross-sectional survey was conducted among children aged 3-5 years, who were enrolled in various private and public schools in Jaipur. Parents were asked to fill a form addressing socio-demographic data and clinical examinations were performed by a single dentist. Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) were assessed and recorded based on Andreasen's classification. Associated factors such as sex, socioeconomic status (SES), and the type of injury were also analyzed. The data were analyzed statistically using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (version 20).

          Results:

          An overall 10.2% prevalence of TDI was observed among the study population. TDI were reported to be more among male children (11.87%) compared to female children (8.14%). Enamel fractures (69%) were the most prevalent type of anterior dental trauma. Upper central incisors were the most frequently affected. The SES of the parents had little influence on the prevalence of TDI.

          Conclusions:

          The prevalence rate of dental trauma among children aged 3-5 years was 10.2%. Associated factors, such as SES, were observed to be not significantly correlated to dental trauma among the studied preschoolers.

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          Most cited references44

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          Epidemiology and outcomes of traumatic dental injuries: a review of the literature.

          R Lam (2016)
          Dental trauma is a significant public health problem because of its frequency, impact on economic productivity and quality of life. It is not a disease and no individual is ever at zero risk of sustaining these potentially life-changing injuries. The aim of this article was to review the literature on the prevalence, incidence, aetiology, prognosis and outcomes of dental trauma. The importance of standardized reporting, oral health policy, adjunctive research methods, prevention and education will also be discussed. A search for relevant articles appearing in databases such as Medline, Cochrane and SSCI formed the basis of this review. Epidemiological studies indicate the annual incidence of dental trauma globally is at about 4.5%. Approximately one-third of children and toddlers (primary teeth) and one-fifth of adolescents and adults (permanent teeth) sustained a traumatic dental injury. The majority involved the maxillary central incisors, mainly from falls in toddlers at home and contact sport in adolescents. Despite these trends, there is considerable variation between studies within and across jurisdictions. There is a need to standardize research with a consistent approach to reporting, classification and methodology. This will improve research and form a greater basis for predicting prognosis. This research basis will assist in consent and clinical management.
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            Impact of traumatic injuries to the permanent teeth on the oral health-related quality of life in 12-14-year-old children.

            There are no data on the impacts on daily living of traumatic injuries to the permanent teeth. The aim of the present study was to assess the socio-dental impacts of untreated fractured anterior teeth in Brazilian schoolchildren. A population-based matched case-control study was used and a 2 : 1 control-to-case ratio was adopted. The cases were 68 children 12-14 years old, having non-restored teeth, with fracture involving dentine. The controls were 136 children without any traumatic dental injury. They were matched by age, sex and socio-economic status. The Oral Impact on Daily Performances (OIDP) index was used to measure the impacts. The response rate was 100%. Results of conditional logistic regression showed that children with fractured teeth were 20 times (95% CI = 2.2-45.6) more likely to report any impact on their daily living than children with no traumatic dental injury. These results remained statistically significant for the items of the OIDP separately, 'smiling' (P < 0.001), 'maintaining emotional state' (P < 0.001), 'eating' (P < 0.01), 'enjoying contact with people' (P < 0.01) and the overall OIDP (P < 0.001), after adjusting for confounding variables such as the Aesthetic Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need and DMFT index in a multiple conditional logistic regression. Children with untreated dental fracture of permanent teeth had more impacts on their daily living than children without any traumatic injury.
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              Epidemiology of dental trauma: a review of the literature.

              This article reviews recent reports describing the aetiology of dental trauma from national and international studies as well as the different classifications currently used to report dental injuries. It also discusses possible preventive measures to reduce the increasing frequency of dental trauma. Reported studies demonstrate that males tend to experience more dental trauma in the permanent dentition than females, however, there does not appear to be a difference between the sexes in the primary dentition. Accidents within and around the home were the major sources of injury to the primary dentition, while accidents at home and school accounted for most of the injuries to the permanent dentition. The most frequent type of injury was a simple crown fracture of the maxillary central incisors in the permanent dentition while injuries to the periodontal tissues were more common in the primary dentition. When preventive measures are being planned, knowledge of aetiology is important. More prospective studies from representative populations are required to understand the complexities of dental trauma epidemiology and to allow implementation of preventive strategies to reduce the increasing frequency of dental trauma.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Int Soc Prev Community Dent
                J Int Soc Prev Community Dent
                JISPCD
                Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry
                Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                2231-0762
                2250-1002
                April 2016
                : 6
                : Suppl 1
                : S35-S40
                Affiliations
                [1]Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College, Jaipur, India
                [1 ]Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
                [2 ]Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
                Author notes
                Corresponding author (email: < ksucod@ 123456gmail.com >) Dr. Vemina P. Chalissery, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
                Article
                JISPCD-6-35
                10.4103/2231-0762.181165
                4863481
                27195225
                2f259ab1-438d-4516-ac69-22b191b7041a
                Copyright: © Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

                History
                : 07 March 2016
                : 05 April 2016
                : 26 April 2016
                Categories
                Original Article

                preschool children,socio-economic status,traumatic dental injury

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