Process mining enables organizations to uncover their actual processes, provide insights, diagnose problems, and automatically trigger corrective actions. Process mining is an emerging scientific discipline positioned at the intersection between process science and data science. The combination of process modeling and analysis with the event data present in today’s information systems provides new means to tackle compliance and performance problems. This chapter provides an overview of the field of process mining introducing the different types of process mining (e.g., process discovery and conformance checking) and the basic ingredients, i.e., process models and event data. To prepare for later chapters, event logs are introduced in detail (including pointers to standards for event data such as XES and OCEL). Moreover, a brief overview of process mining applications and software is given.